Graduarse Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Graduarse Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples The Spanish verb graduarse is a reflexive verb that means to graduate, whether it be from high school, college, etc. The stem verb graduar can be used non-reflexively, in which case it also means to adjust or calibrate. For example, you can say Queremos graduar la temperatura (We want to adjust the temperature). However, this verb is most commonly used as the reflexive graduarse to talk about obtaining a degree or completing an educational level. Since this verb is often used reflexively, this article includes graduarse conjugations with the reflexive pronoun. You will find tables with conjugations in the present, past, conditional, and future indicative; the present and past subjunctive; the imperative, and other verb forms. Graduarse Present Indicative Since graduar is a regular -ar verb, the conjugations of graduarse follow the regular -ar verb pattern. However, notice that in some of the present indicative conjugations an accent mark is needed to maintain the stress in the correct vowel. Also, remember to include the reflexive pronoun before each conjugated verb. Yo me gradà ºo I graduate Yo me gradà ºo de la universidad. Tà º te gradà ºas You graduate Tà º te gradà ºas de la escuela primaria. Usted/à ©l/ella se gradà ºa You/he/she graduates Ella se gradà ºa con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Nosotros nos graduamos We graduate Nosotros nos graduamos juntos. Vosotros os graduis You graduate Vosotros os graduis de la secundaria con buenas notas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se gradà ºan You/they graduate Ellos se gradà ºan con honores. Graduarse Preterite Indicative The preterite tense conjugations for yo and à ©l/ella/usted contain an accent mark on the last vowel. Yo me graduà © I graduated Yo me graduà © de la universidad. Tà º te graduaste You graduated Tà º te graduaste de la escuela primaria. Usted/à ©l/ella se graduà ³ You/he/she graduated Ella se graduà ³ con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Nosotros nos graduamos We graduated Nosotros nos graduamos juntos. Vosotros os graduasteis You graduated Vosotros os graduasteis de la secundaria con buenas notas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se graduaron You/they graduated Ellos se graduaron con honores. Graduarse Imperfect Indicative The imperfect tense is conjugated by starting with the stem gradu and adding the imperfect ending for -er verbs (aba, abas, aba, bamos, abais, aban). The imperfect tense can be translated as was graduating or used to graduate. Yo me graduaba I used to graduate Yo me graduaba de la universidad. Tà º te graduabas You used to graduate Tà º te graduabas de la escuela primaria. Usted/à ©l/ella se graduaba You/he/she used to graduate Ella se graduaba con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Nosotros nos gradubamos We used to graduate Nosotros nos gradubamos juntos. Vosotros os graduabais You used to graduate Vosotros os graduabais de la secundaria con buenas notas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se graduaban You/they used to graduate Ellos se graduaban con honores. Graduarse Future Indicative Yo me graduarà © I will graduate Yo me graduarà © de la universidad. Tà º te graduars You will graduate Tà º te graduars de la escuela primaria. Usted/à ©l/ella se graduar You/he/she will graduate Ella se graduarcon un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Nosotros nos graduaremos We will graduate Nosotros nos graduaremos juntos. Vosotros os graduarà ©is You will graduate Vosotros os graduarà ©is de la secundaria con buenas notas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se graduarn You/they will graduate Ellos se graduarn con honores. Graduarse Periphrastic  Future Indicative   To conjugate the periphrastic future you need the present indicative conjugation of the verb ir (to go), the preposition a, and the infinitive graduar. The reflexive pronoun is placed before the conjugated verb ir. Yo me voy a graduar I am going to graduate Yo me voya graduar de la universidad. Tà º te vasa graduar You are going to graduate Tà º te vasa graduar de la escuela primaria. Usted/à ©l/ella se vaa graduar You/he/she is going to graduate Ella se vaa graduar con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Nosotros nos vamosa graduar We are going to graduate Nosotros nos vamosa graduar juntos. Vosotros os vaisa graduar You are going to graduate Vosotros os vaisa graduar de la secundaria con buenas notas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se vana graduar You/they are going to graduate Ellos se vana graduar con honores. Graduarse Present Progressive/Gerund Form The gerund or present participle can be used as an adverb or to form progressive tenses like the present progressive. The present progressive is usually formed with the auxiliary verb estar. When conjugating a reflexive verb, the reflexive pronoun should be placed before the conjugated verb estar, or you can attach it to the end of the present participle. Present Progressive ofGraduarse se est graduando / est gradundose Is graduating Ella se est graduando con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Graduarse Past Participle The past participle can be used as an adjective or to form perfect tenses, such as the present perfect (with the auxiliary verb haber). When conjugating a reflexive verb, the reflexive pronoun is placed before the conjugated verb haber. Present Perfect of Graduarse se ha graduado Has graduated Ella se ha graduado con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Graduarse Conditional Indicative The conditional tense can be translated to English as would verb. It is used to talk about possibilities. Yo me graduarà ­a I would graduate Yo me graduarà ­a de la universidad si estudiara ms. Tà º te graduarà ­as You would graduate Tà º te graduarà ­as de la escuela primaria, pero debes repetir un aà ±o. Usted/à ©l/ella se graduarà ­a You/he/she would graduate Ella se graduarà ­acon un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n, pero se cambià ³ de carrera. Nosotros nos graduarà ­amos We would graduate Nosotros nos graduarà ­amos juntos si tuvià ©ramos la misma edad. Vosotros os graduarà ­ais You would graduate Vosotros os graduarà ­ais de la secundaria con buenas notas si fuerais ms aplicados. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se graduarà ­an You/they would graduate Ellos se graduarà ­an con honores, pero recibieron una mala calificacià ³n. Graduarse Present Subjunctive The present subjunctive is used to talk about emotions, doubts, desires, recommendations, or other subjective situations. Que yo me gradà ºe That I graduate La profesora espera que yo megradà ºede la universidad. Que tà º te gradà ºes That you graduate El maestro espera que tà º tegradà ºes de la escuela primaria. Que usted/à ©l/ella segradà ºe That you/he/she graduate El jefe espera que ella segradà ºe con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Que nosotros nos graduemos That we graduate Esteban quiere que nosotros nos graduemos juntos. Que vosotros os graduà ©is That you graduate Pap pide que vosotros os graduà ©is de la secundaria con buenas notas. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas segradà ºen That you/they graduate La directora espera que ellos segradà ºen con honores. Graduarse Imperfect Subjunctive There are two options for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive. Option 1 Que yo me graduara That I graduated La profesora esperaba que yo megraduarade la universidad. Que tà º te graduaras That you graduated El maestro esperaba que tà º tegraduaras de la escuela primaria. Que usted/à ©l/ella segraduara That you/he/she graduated El jefe esperaba que ella segraduara con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Que nosotros nos graduramos That we graduated Esteban querà ­a que nosotros nos graduramosjuntos. Que vosotros os graduarais That you graduated Pap pedà ­a que vosotros os graduarais de la secundaria con buenas notas. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas segraduaran That you/they graduated La directora esperaba que ellos segraduaran con honores. Option 2 Que yo me graduase That I graduated La profesora esperaba que yo megraduase de la universidad. Que tà º te graduases That you graduated El maestro esperaba que tà º tegraduases de la escuela primaria. Que usted/à ©l/ella segraduase That you/he/she graduated El jefe esperaba que ella segraduase con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n. Que nosotros nos gradusemos That we graduated Esteban querà ­a que nosotros nos gradusemosjuntos. Que vosotros os graduaseis That you graduated Pap pedà ­a que vosotros os graduaseis de la secundaria con buenas notas. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas segraduasen That you/they graduated La directora esperaba que ellos segraduasen con honores. Graduarse Imperative The imperative mood is used to give orders or commands. Notice that the placement of the reflexive pronoun varies for positive and negative commands. Positive Commands Tà º gradà ºate Graduate!  ¡Gradà ºate de la escuela primaria! Usted gradà ºese Graduate!  ¡Gradà ºese con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n! Nosotros graduà ©monos Let's graduate!  ¡Graduà ©monos juntos! Vosotros graduaos Graduate!  ¡Graduaos de la secundaria con buenas notas! Ustedes gradà ºense Graduate!  ¡Gradà ºense con honores! Negative Commands Tà º no te gradà ºes Don't graduate!  ¡No te gradà ºes de la escuela primaria! Usted no se gradà ºe Don't graduate!  ¡No se gradà ºe con un tà ­tulo en administracià ³n! Nosotros no nos graduemos Let's not graduate!  ¡Nonos graduemos juntos! Vosotros no os graduà ©is Don't graduate!  ¡Noos graduà ©is de la secundaria con buenas notas! Ustedes no se gradà ºen Don't graduate!  ¡Nose gradà ºen con honores!

Understanding the SQ3R Study Strategy

Understanding the SQ3R Study Strategy SQ3R is an  active reading  exercise that is designed to help you get a fuller understanding of your reading materials. You will need to keep a pen and some paper on hand to use this method.  SQ3R stands for: SurveyQuestionReadReciteReview Survey The first step of SQ3R is to survey the chapter.  Survey  means to observe the layout of something and get an idea of how it is constructed.  Skim  over the chapter and observe the titles and subtitles, take a look at the graphics, and make a mental note of the overall layout. The survey of the chapter gives you an idea of what the author considers most important. Once you have surveyed the chapter, you will have a mental framework of the reading assignment. Jot down any words that are in bold or italics. Question First, jot down questions that address the chapter titles and boldface (or italicized) words youve noted. Read Now that you have a framework in your mind, you can begin to read for deeper understanding. Start at the beginning and read the chapter, but stop and write down additional sample test questions for yourself as you go, fill-in-the-blank style. Why do this? Sometimes things make perfect sense as we read, but not so much sense later on, as we try to remember. The questions you form will help the information stick in your head. You may also find that the question you write matches the teacher€™s actual  test questions. Recite When you reach the end of a particular passage or section, quiz yourself on the questions you’ve written. Do you know the material well enough to answer your own questions? It’s a good idea to read and answer aloud to yourself. This can be a great learning strategy for auditory learners. Review For best results, the review step of SQ3R should take place a day after the other steps. Go back to review your questions, and see if you can answer them all easily. If not, go back and review the survey and the reading steps.

The hockey stick controversy and the legitimacy of IPCC's research Paper

The hockey stick controversy and the legitimacy of IPCC's about the human impact on climate change - Research Paper Example The controversy also looks at the question of the sturdiness of the impost offered by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). These arguments have been taken up by the fossil fuel industry and have been funded by lobby groups that attempt to cast doubt on climate science. The controversy became prominent in the 1990s when a group of scientists who used proxy indicators to indicate temperature records in the previous centuries found different reasons that caused global warming and argued them differently (Jolis, 2012). A group of scientists such as Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley, and Malcolm K. raised some of those controversies by using statistical analysis of an assortment of proxies to come up with the first quantifiable hemispheric-scale reconstruction presenting global configurations of annual surface temperature. The graph shows temperatures that dates back to 1400 whereby they shaded the areas to show emphasis of uncertainties whereby the two standard error l imits were larger than in earlier centuries. The above group of scientists published a paper in 1999 that traced back climatic changes for the previous 1000 years using extended graph that showed a descending tendency in proxy temperatures from a medieval warm period trailed by a 20th century escalation and a steep upsurge in measured temperatures since the 1950s. According to United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Third Assessment Report (TAR), the year 1998, was the warmest year in the northern hemisphere for the last 1000 years. The above organizations used the controversial hockey stick graphs to publicize the featured information. The information became a focus for dispute for the people who were contrasting to the strengthening scientific agreement that late 20th century warmness was unique. Some of the scientists who were opposed to these changes were Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas. However, scientists later dismissed their publication as deeply flawed (McKitrick, 2010). I also disagree with the legitimacy of the previous research used by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) since their research shows less dramatic results if techniques that are more reliable had been used to analyze the data. Later researches have shown that an increase in greenhouse gases due to human activity is a prime cause global warming. However, arguments in favor for global warming were already accepted widely as a prime cause for increased temperatures in the world. Conclusions made from other scientists shows that making the world warmer undoubtedly is not determined by reconstructions of temperature aforementioned to direct records. Most error pieces fall inside the stated hockey stick pieces created by Mann and his team of scientists but can be collected to indicate the late temperatures. There are major doubts about the correctness of all previous temperature re-establishments, and these qualms have sometimes to be glossed over by scientists who presented the hockey stick as suggestion for global warming (Regalado, 2005). Michael E. Mann, Raymond S., Bradley, and Malcolm K., have remodeled northern hemisphere temperatures for the previous 2000 years to incorporate a wider set of proxies than what was accessible for the original study and updated measurements from the late years. I the new reconstruction, different methods am used as compared to the previous methods used in the original case. It shows

How Social Styles Affect Assertive Behaviors Research Paper

How Social Styles Affect Assertive Behaviors - Research Paper Example Personal development takes many forms, from improving personal performance, to changing emotional states in particular situations such as public speaking, interviews and presentations. Even after working for weeks, preparing the presentation to the best of one ’s ability, ignoring the nerves building up he doesn’t get the response he desires for. For one reason or another, his brain has learnt to provide him with the wrong unconscious response when he speaks in public. Instead of appropriate levels of adrenalin and excitement to optimize his performance, he gets a fear response as if he is being attacked by a wild animal. Everything in his body and mind is saying "run away!† But he can't, he has to ignore his 'fight or flight' response and stay put and what's more, he has to sound eloquent and informed at the same time. Public Speaking demands lots of experience and knowledge. One needs to get rid of the Public Speaking fear that could only happen when one enjoys speaking in public and giving presentations. Personal Growth plays an important role in Personal Development. All of nature from the acorn that becomes the Great Oak to the microscopic cell that becomes a Sperm whale experiences personal growth. What makes humans different is that we are in the unique position of being able to do it consciously. Personal growth means different things to different people. It may be that one is potentially infinitely perfect! However, he will be aware that there are areas of life where he would like to perform better. When we look around we will notice there are people who have particular skills, traits that we would like to absorb into our own character.

War Letters Essay Example for Free

War Letters Essay The war letters, written in different years, not only revealed different emotions of the writers but also gave some hints of what circumstances and danger, they were facing during those times. These letters also expressed their dreams, motivations, purposes, beliefs and the things that they stand or fight for. The war letters, no matter in what time frames they were written, possess many themes in common such as: love, longing, pride, anxiety, hope and encouragement. Also, the people who wrote the letters were really proud and were always willing to sacrifice their lives for the country. They have been serving their country with honor, pride and dignity from the past up to present. However, still each letter is different from one another. They express different degrees of patriotism, affection, and different beliefs or stands and purpose. First, we will cite the similarities among the letters, their common themes and emotions expressed. Afterwards, we will differentiate each letter from one another in terms of their degrees in expression of patriotism, affection and other ideas. Lastly, we will compare three examples of war letters from the War on Terror. The letters were written by the family to the men in uniform who were deployed to certain places to engage with military activities to protect their nation and those written by the soldiers themselves for their family whom they have left, shared common themes. Affection, hope and love are the most common subject that these letters have (Gilderlehrman. org, 2006). The letters usually start with the lines about missing and longing for each other. These are one of the major conflicts and problems that they all deal with. Like what was said from the letter from Tonya Stives to his husband Army Master Sgt. Rahamon Phillips who has been in uniform for 16 years: â€Å"I just can’t figure out how not to miss you every day, all day. Nothing can prepare me for not missing you (militarycity. com). † The letters were also full of inspiring words and that expressing affection. They encourage and boost the self-esteem of the officers by telling them how proud they are of the soldiers. For example, Harman wrote a letter to his Uncle Albert to praise the bravery and dedication of his cousin, Thomas Garber during the Civil war on September 17, 1862 (virginia. edu). The messages from the family to the soldiers often made use of the term â€Å"hero† to refer to the recipients. Furthermore, they put more importance on the military work and duty than on their desire to be together. The family gave their full support for the soldiers. Moreover, all of them were martyrs who took the sacrifices optimistically. The families want the soldiers to stay safe and focus on their missions. Also, they thought and look at this separation in a positive way. For instance, they looked at it as a way to strengthen their relationship. The family who wrote the letters chose their words properly as not to hurt the feelings and not to make the soldiers worry in any case. Like for example, one of the letters from Holly to her husband Army Staff Sgt. Edward Nicorvo, described the disadvantages of not having her husband in their home but in a lighter way just as to put some humor on the letter (militarycity. com). The feeling of anxiety by the families left behind was never gone in the letters. They are always worried for their beloved heroes because they don’t have any idea to where he or she is right now and under what situations. Furthermore, of course, the letters won’t end without expressing the excitement for the return of the officer. The other common purposes of the war letters are: to reminisce over moments together or moments right before they parted ways; to show that the recipient is remembered and to provide comfort; to assure him or her that he is not alone in that fight and that their prayers are always with him. We can observe in the letters in some aspects that time stands still. The year or decades when the letters were written were irrelevant upon looking at the basic messages of the letters. From the past up to the recent wars in America, the letters still revolved around the basic themes and still have the purposes stated above. They all expressed patriotism. The family expressed it in the way of showing support and understanding the soldiers in this fight. The soldiers, on the other hand, willingly sacrifice their time with their families and their very own lives. This reflects on the letter of Sullivan Balou to his wife expressing his fear about death and how he might not be able to spend time with their sons (civil-war. net). The soldiers have a common goal: They all fight to protect the freedom of the future generation. This is a very interesting passage which illustrates this: â€Å"I listened to an audio book on the way here, â€Å"No End Save Victory,† a collection of letters and stories from WW II. It got me thinking that this situation, and the people in it, is not that much different. They were citizen-soldiers, too. They didn’t want to leave home, but they did. They lived under difficult situations. But they felt a sense of obligation, of duty, so they did the job they had to do. And got it done. Then they went back to their homes and their lives. And built the world we live in today. The same thing is going to happen here. We’re not so different (Sandy D. , a mobilized Air Force Reserve officer from Lubbock, Texas,). † The letters, although alike in many ways, still have differed from each other. First, they differ in the intensity of affection. When the recipient and the sender have been together for quite a long period of time, the letters have less affectionate words. They focus on updating the one deployed. Maybe this is because they are used of the separation. They also differ on the passion of the men in uniform to serve their country. Some soldiers’ letter expressed less patriotic thoughts and focused more on the comforts that they missed at home. While some letters revealed many enthusiasms in serving the country. For example, is a letter from General Riedesel to his wife written in 1776 (Louise et al, 1867). He believed that God has placed him in his present calling. Second, only some of the letters have great sense of hope. Like that one written by Sgt. Gary Teal recently deployed to Kandahar, Afghanistan (militarycity. com). Some of the letters are not fully patriotic and are more concerned with themselves and personal worries: â€Å"How do I steel myself against the uncertainty that each day brings? How do I ensure that, when I fall asleep, sweet dreams of my loving wife await me instead of the conflict raging around me? How do I fill the hole in my heart caused by not being there to watch my son grow and experience the wonders of life? How do I pass to my son the values of honor and selfless service you gave me? (Army Capt. Clark C. Hatch for his father)† Next, only some of the letters stated affirmative words about the troop they have been working together. How wonderful the people they are with and what great family they have built together. I also noticed that gender role somehow, evolved from the 1860’s in comparison to the present. Before, male soldiers are more prominent and common. There were rarely or almost no female participants in the war. Like what we can see in the letters written by Thomas Lucas and family during the civil war (Sauerburger and Bayard, 2007). Nevertheless, six years ago (in 2003), there were many women in uniform deployed to Afghanistan and many participated in the Operation Enduring Freedom. Like the three daughters of Laurie Pocsi, a single mom and certified public accountant in Wayne, N. J (militarycity. com). Those are some of the similarities and differences of the war letters from different years. Now, I have read three different war letters during the War on terror or War on Terrorism (militarycity. com). One is from Marine Sgt. Tony Watkins who deployed in early November 2001 for Operation Enduring Freedom. The next one is from Marine Corps Reserve Lt. Col. Tom D. Barna for his son. Moreover, the last letter was from Lance Cpl. Joshua Phillips, who was based in Kandahar, Afghanistan, during Operation Enduring Freedom, for his family. These three letters have similarities and differences as well. They are similar to each other and to the other letters before if we are to consider the main message and common themes implied in the letters. These letters stated some things about longing for loved ones, affection, patriotism and updates. They differ in the fact that some letters are more dramatic and expressed love of the country more convincingly. Also, they differ on their implied purposes of fighting against the terrorists. As illustrations let me share some of the significant lines from the three letters. This one is from Tony Watkins: â€Å"The emotions of seeing this large symbol of what we are here for was almost more than I could hold down. This flag made of simple cloth re-emphasized to all who saw it that they were here in this desert hole for a reason. Not to exact revenge but to enforce justice (militarycity. com). † We can see here the deep desire of Tony to enforce justice. To seek for those who were responsible for the September 11 attack. Maybe his driving force is the thousands of lives that were lost from the attacks of the terrorists. This second letter was from Tom for his son: â€Å"I will be honest with you: Nothing in my life is greater than serving the Corps, God and country. Even so, I am here for another reason, too — a reason that personally motivates me. I am here so you won’t one day have to come back and finish something we didn’t take care of here and now. † Now we witnessed here a more personal purpose of the father fighting in the war. The third letter from Joshua was just a typical letter for his messages for his family. War letters denote some information regarding the social history of the United States (Blight, 2002). From the past decades up to the present moment, we can see that American citizens haven’t changed that much especially when it comes to patriotism. They are still all the ever protective and ever willing to sacrifice their lives for the sake of future generations. We are all still united. The soldiers didnt fight alone; they have their family behind them making them stronger. This sense of unity was born before and is still living up to these days.I believe that this will continue up to the future. References: Blight, B. W. (2002). Beyond the Battlefield: Race, Memory the American Civil War. Univ of Massachusetts Press. Civil-war. net. (2009). Letters and Diaries. Retrieved on February 5, 2009, from http://www. civil-war. net/searchlinks. asp? searchlinks=Letters%20and%20Diaries Gilderlehrman. org. (2006). Battle Lines: Letters from America’s wars. Retrieved on February 4, 2009 from http://www. gilderlehrman. org/collection/battlelines/index_good. html Luise, F. C. , Riedesel, A. R. and Stone, W. L. (1867). â€Å"Letters and Journals Relating to the War of the American Revolution, and the Capture of the German Troops at Saratoga†. J. Munsell. Miltarycity. com. Letters. Retrieved on February 3, 2009 from http://www. militarycity. com/letters/1-729599. html Sauerburger, D. B. and Bayard, T. L. (2007). â€Å"I Seat Myself to Write you a Few Lines: Civil War and Homestead Letters from Thomas Lucas and Family, VOLUME 2†. Heritage Books Virginia. edu. Letters from: Harman to his Uncle Albert 1862. Retrieved on February 2, 2009, from http://etext. lib. virginia. edu/etcbin/civwarlett-browse? id=A0808

The Purpose of Disguise in Twelfth Night Essay -- Twelfth Night essays

Theme of Disguise in Twelfth Night The notion of disguise is very important theme within Twelfth Night.   From my point of view I feel that the crux of the play is primarily based on this concept.   Indeed "there's something in it that is deceivable" summarizes this point precisely.   Disguise runs like a thread through the play from start to end and holds it all together just as tightly as thread would fabric.   Yet, paradoxically as the plot progresses there are many problems, deceptions and illusions, which provide a comment on human behavior and creating the needed escape of comedy. The place of women within the theatre is well known, that being that they had no place within the stage.   Women's parts were played by young men in Shakespeare's day, so that the audience would have found sophisticated in Viola's part:   a boy dressing up as a woman who, in the play disguises herself as a man. The first example of the use of disguise in the Twelfth Night is Viola's disguise as Cesario.   As aforementioned this notion is central to the plot.   I think it is clearly evident that the fluctuation in attitude to the dual role and the situations and tribulations imposed upon the character Viola/Cesario, ends up creating a better understanding of both sexes and thus, allows Viola to have a better understanding of Orsino.   Viola learns whil... ... "Nothing that is so, is so" Works Cited and Consulted: Bloom, Harold, ed. William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Grief, Karen. "Plays and Playing in Twelfth Night". Bloom (47-60). Nevo, Ruth. Comic Transformations in Shakespeare. London: Methuen & Co., 1980. Shakespeare, William. The Arden Edition of the Works of William Shakespeare: Twelfth Night. Ed. J. M. Lothian and T.W. Craik. UK: Methuen & Co., 1975. Thatcher, David. Begging to Differ: Modes of Discrepancy in Shakespeare. New York: Peter Lang, 1999. Vickers, Brian. Appropriating Shakespeare: Contemporary Critical Quarrels. New Haven: Yale U P, 1993 The Purpose of Disguise in Twelfth Night Essay -- Twelfth Night essays Theme of Disguise in Twelfth Night The notion of disguise is very important theme within Twelfth Night.   From my point of view I feel that the crux of the play is primarily based on this concept.   Indeed "there's something in it that is deceivable" summarizes this point precisely.   Disguise runs like a thread through the play from start to end and holds it all together just as tightly as thread would fabric.   Yet, paradoxically as the plot progresses there are many problems, deceptions and illusions, which provide a comment on human behavior and creating the needed escape of comedy. The place of women within the theatre is well known, that being that they had no place within the stage.   Women's parts were played by young men in Shakespeare's day, so that the audience would have found sophisticated in Viola's part:   a boy dressing up as a woman who, in the play disguises herself as a man. The first example of the use of disguise in the Twelfth Night is Viola's disguise as Cesario.   As aforementioned this notion is central to the plot.   I think it is clearly evident that the fluctuation in attitude to the dual role and the situations and tribulations imposed upon the character Viola/Cesario, ends up creating a better understanding of both sexes and thus, allows Viola to have a better understanding of Orsino.   Viola learns whil... ... "Nothing that is so, is so" Works Cited and Consulted: Bloom, Harold, ed. William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Grief, Karen. "Plays and Playing in Twelfth Night". Bloom (47-60). Nevo, Ruth. Comic Transformations in Shakespeare. London: Methuen & Co., 1980. Shakespeare, William. The Arden Edition of the Works of William Shakespeare: Twelfth Night. Ed. J. M. Lothian and T.W. Craik. UK: Methuen & Co., 1975. Thatcher, David. Begging to Differ: Modes of Discrepancy in Shakespeare. New York: Peter Lang, 1999. Vickers, Brian. Appropriating Shakespeare: Contemporary Critical Quarrels. New Haven: Yale U P, 1993

Proposal: to Increase Breastfeeding Rates in New York

Public Budgeting Professor Lynch Spring 2009 Proposal to: Increase Breastfeeding Rates in New York Introduction In a time when overwhelming research shows that human milk is superior to any sort of manufactured human milk substitute, with great economic benefits for breastfeeding families, the health care system, and society in general, breastfeeding is no longer seen as just an individual choice, but as a public health challenge that deserves more publicity to create supportive systems and environments for mothers to breastfeed. Human milk is more than food, it’s a living substance like blood that have active germs fighting and health ingredients to help protect babies against all kinds of common or un-common infections. Human milk have all the necessary nutrients and a low protein content a baby will need and any period of breastfeeding a women can give either short or long would be of benefit. The national goals set by Health People 2010 are for 75% of women to initiate breastfeeding, for 50% to still be breastfeeding at 6 months and 25 % by 12 months. Billions of healthcare dollars would be saved if more infants were exclusively breastfed and for a longer time. The United States Breastfeeding Committee (USBC) Page 2 estimates that $2 billion per year are spent by families on infant formula and that $3. 6 – 7 billion dollars could be saved each year in preventable conditions if breastfeeding rates were increased to the recommended levels. Breastfeeding is one of the most important aspects of infant health. When babies are fed with formula rather than breast milk they are more likely to be sick more often and more seriously. The health problems that infants encounter for not breastfeeding are gastrointestinal, respiratory, and ear infections. There are negative health consequences to not breastfeeding for the mother also. The mothers experience more postpartum bleeding and delayed uterine involution, return or no return to pre-pregnancy weight and increase risk of ovarian cancer. Additionally, formula feeding is not good for the environment since it burdens our landfills and required more fuels for its manufacturer and preparation. It also creates pollution from required products during the manufacturing of plastic bottles and containers for the storage and delivery of infant formula Despite evidence that in New York State there has being a decrease in the number of women who initiates breastfeeding, minority and low income women are still being reluctant to promote breastfeeding. According to the New York State Department of Health is goal is to provide the physical and emotional well-being of childbearing mothers and their infants by increasing the rate and duration of breastfeeding in the State. Page 3 The overall percentage of New York women breastfeeding is 76. 3% higher than that of the entire United States. However, the overall rate of women New York exclusively breastfeeding for the first 6 months is only 8. 4%, 3 months exclusively 25. 5% and 12 months 24. 6 %. Existing Law Several laws have been enacted in New York to protect a woman’s right to breastfeed. In August of 2007 Governor Eliot Spitzer sing into legislation protecting rights of nursing mother in the workplace, that requires employers to provide uncompensated time and private space to express milk or nurse their children for a period of time. A bill was introduced to amend the public health law in relation to breastfeeding mother’s bill of rights. The public health law was amended by adapting a new section 2505 which specifies that a patient bill of rights for breastfeeding should be posted in a public place in each maternal health care facility. The Breastfeeding Bill of Rights was re-introduced for breastfeeding practice and the New York State Rules and Regulations for more to be done to protect mother’s right to breastfeed her child, but also empower and supports new mothers as they seek to breastfeed their children. Page 4 Proposal To address this issue I am proposing breastfeeding legislation that would: 1)Change a hospital stay policy that does not provide adequate time for mother’s milk to come in or for appropriate education and support. )Recommend that all licensed nurses working within a maternity unit of a hospital receive a minimum of 18 hours of training on basic lactation management and demonstrate a specified level of competencies; and 3)Recommend teaching all licensed doctors in Obstetrics and Child Health to diagnose and treat the medical problems that comes between baby and mothers whom are breastfeeding; and 4) To recognize the importance of breastfeeding in maternal child health Women experie nce many barriers to successful breastfeeding, the proposed legislation would address three of the many problems that occurs during the most vulnerable time. The early postpartum period is critical to the successful establishment of lactation making what occurs during this short time extremely important. A breastfeeding woman can always switch to formula feeding very easily; the decision to bottle feed is very hard to reverse after only a few days. Page 5 Rationale for restricting formula marketing: Women need to feel confident in their ability to adequately nourish their babies. Exposure to formula marketing and free samples of formula has been shown to undermine a woman’s confidence, especially if she is encountering difficulties to establish lactation. The use of supplements has the negative effect of decreasing a woman’s milk supply and further interfering with adequate and early weaning from the breast. Restricting formula marketing during the early postpartum period allows women to make a more informed decision about feeding, based on personal preference and available resources. Marketing formula to women during the vulnerable postpartum period is unethical from a public health standpoint. Some healthcare professionals are collaborating with the industry by accepting materials, incentives and financial assistance (discharge packs, free supplies, lunches, sponsorship of in-services and conferences, upgrade and construction of maternity facilities, etc. ) from formula companies. Instead of formula samples and messages, health care institutions should provide women with medically accurate breastfeeding support and information, such as the direct cost of buying artificial milk, including the cost of consumers advertising. Besides perfect nutrition of human milk, there are many other benefits in breastfeeding for babies, mothers as well as society, such as easily digested, higher IQ, protects infant guts, prevents hemorrhaging after delivery, no worry of which brand of milk Page 6 s best, the milk is never been recalled due to manufacturing problem, no issues of contamination, etc. Major Obstacles/Implementation Challenges Breastfeeding may not be for all women, therefore the decision to breastfeed or formula feed is based on their comfort level, lifestyle and medical conditions that they might have, as well as, class and racial implication of breastfeeding, such as economic and cultural constraints could make it difficult for a woman to nurse. Women need and should have the right to receive medically accurate, evidence-based information about lactation from health care providers before delivery that provides nutritional, medical and psychological benefits of breastfeeding and after delivery for adequate assistance and support during the critical postpartum period from nurses/doctors who possess accurate, up to date information and skills in basic lactation managements is essential to helping women breastfeed. During the early postpartum period, nurses are often the most influential and trusted sources of information about infant feeding. But, many do not possess the knowledge or skills to adequately provide the support needed to help women to initiate lactation. Nurses who have not been trained in breastfeeding management cannot be expected to give mothers effective guidance and provide skilled counseling. Page 7 Lactation management is often omitted from curricula in basic training of nurses and is currently not a required part of on the job training. Opponents of this training may argue that the resource for this is beyond the scope of the New York State government’s duties or that it may cost too much. Upon examining the program, however, one will note that some of the burden could be assume by the federal government to improve the quality of care mothers’ receive after post-partum on breastfeeding. Looking at the cost on implementing these trainings and certifications no one institution should cover the cost. Given the rapid growth of new mothers, there would be no better time to implement these trainings, although the decision to breastfeed is a personal one. Breastfeeding do come with some challenges for both women and babies such as plenty of patience and persistence, personal comfort, time and frequency feedings, etc. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. HHS Blueprint for Action on Breastfeeding, Washington, D. C. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. HHC People 2010; Conference Edition – Volumes I and II. United States Department of Agriculture, â€Å"The Economic Benefits of Breastfeeding† A Review and Analysis. Food assistance and Nutrition Research Report No. 13 (20001) American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy Statement: Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk (RE9729). Pediatrics 1997; 100(6) 1035-1039 D. A. Frank et al, â€Å" Commercial discharge Packs and Breastfeeding Counseling: Effects on Infant-Feeding Practices in a Randomized Trial. Pediatrics 80 (1987): 845-854. www. Baby center. com â€Å"Breastfeeding† www. Kids Health. com â€Å"Benefits of Breast Feeding† New York State Department of Health: â€Å"Breastfeeding Mothers Bill of Rights† See generally the websites for the Center for Disease Control: [http://www. cdc. gov/breastfeeding] and the National Women’s Health Information Centers’ Resources on Breastfeeding: [http://www. 4woman. gov/breastfeeding]. 6 S e e American Academy of Pediatrics home page at [http://www. aap. org/advocacy/bf/brhist. htm]. http:/www. state. ny. us/governor/press/0822072

Sula by Toni Morrison

Sula by Toni Morrison, is a book about a black female and the various events throughout her life. The majority of these events were at the fault of Sula, but because of her past she did not know, or could not understand any better. Sula became the woman that she was because of the people and events that were around her during her childhood. When Sula was a child, she grew up faster than most children because of the things that she saw and heard, so it was almost as if she had a loss of childhood. When Sula was only three years old, her father died. Although this may not have had a direct effect on Sula because of how young she was, her mother, Hannah, was left without a husband and with an unquenchable thirst for â€Å"maleness† (Bukisa). This passion for men led to Hannah having many affairs with different men but never building real relationships with them. Sula, being as curious as any child, often watched these interactions, or at least saw the aftereffects of these interactions, and understood that her mother found pleasure in men. Another incident during Sula's childhood involves her listening in on one of her mother's conversations. One day Sula heard Hannah tell some other woman that she loved Sula, but that she did not like her. Hannah's comments about not liking her made Sula begin to think about love. These thoughts of love were her first real interaction with adulthood (Sparknotes). Hearing her mother say this made Sula realize that she could not count on anyone except herself (Begnal). Sula realized that love was not what she thought it was, and it made her feel insecure, but secure at the same time. She knew that her mother would not stop loving her, but that love was not the same thing that she had once believed it to be (Sparknotes). A third traumatic event that occurred during the childhood of Sula was the death of Chicken Little. Sula and Nel were out playing near a lake, when a boy named Chicken Little showed up. Nel teased him, but instead of joining her friend to tease Chicken Little, Sula defended him. Sula then began to swing Chicken Little around playfully. Unfortunately, Sula lost her hold on Chicken Little, and he went flying into the lake and drowned. The death of Chicken Little further drove Sula's loss of childhood innocence because it showed her how quickly life can be taken (Sparknotes). The immortality that most children believe they have, was then gone from Sula. She never even bothered to tell anyone what she did because, instinctively, she knew that society would misunderstand the incident and blame her for Chicken Little's death. Another death Sula experienced while growing up was that of her mother, Hannah. Hannah took a nap and dreamt about a red bridal dress. She tried to get her mother, Eva, to interpret the dream for her but before Eva was able to, a young Sula distracted her. Later, Eva looked out her window just in time to see Hannah getting ready to jump into a fire. Eva jumped out of her second story window in order to try to save her daughter, but it was too late. When Eva looked up, she saw Sula standing there, watching everything happen. This event holds extreme significance in Sula's life transformation into a woman for multiple reasons. First, Sula looked as if she were genuinely interested in the burning of her mother, almost as if she had enjoyed it. She was not concerned with saving her mother, but she just wanted to watch what was going on. Secondly, it made her grandmother resent her, because in some ways she felt that Hannah's death was Sula's fault. Because Sula distracted her from interpreting Hannah's dream, she was unable to stop Hannah from killing herself (Sparknotes). Her grandmother was the only family that she really had left, and because Eva resented her, it forced Sula to grow up even more rapidly. Sula's relationship with Nel was another major factor in her maturation into a woman. Sula and Nel were like each other's support systems (Bukisa). Throughout their childhood, Nel always supported Sula and vice versa, even though they were extremely different. Nel was conservative and brought up in a relatively stable home by a proper, lady-like, mother, the way their society expected, while Sula was raised in a home where people constantly came and went, by a mother who slept with different men on various occasions. These two completely different worlds were what drew these two young girls to each other (Bukisa). They were opposite in more than just their upbringing. Sula was rougher and tougher than Nel was, but her emotions were also inconsistent. Nel, on the other hand, was quiet, and normally had a steady emotion (Bukisa). It was as if these two girls were each one half of the same whole, making them inseparable. During their childhood, they shared everything, including boyfriends. All of these factores contributed to Sula's personality and actions as an adult. Sula as an adult had problems with love, recognizing boundaries, and fitting in. Sula lacked the ability to love because of her family, mainly her mother. Hearing Hanna say that she loved Sula but did not like her made Sula believe that love was something that was forced upon people, instead of a choice. Sula's personality was much too independent to be forced to do anything, so she decided not to love at all. The closest she ever even came to love was with a man named Ajax, but he eventually left her which did nothing but assure Sula that she should not love. Eva's resentment of Sula also convinced Sula that love was not an emotion worth pursuing. If her own family could not love her, then there was no reason for her to love anyone, including her family. Her boundaries issue was also caused by her mother, but Nel contributed to it as well. Her mother's contribution was brought about in the way she slept with the husbands of wives around the community. Seeing her mother have no respect for the bond between a husband and a wife, Sula began to think that it was all right for her to do the same. Sula's relationship with Nel was a cause of this boundary issue as well. Because Nel and Sula had shared virtually everything throughout their lives, Sula believed that that would never change. She thought that her and Nel's bond was never going to change no matter what happened or what they shared. This thought process led Sula to sleep with Nel's husband during a moment of weakness and then act as if everything would be perfectly fine. Once Sula realized that Nel was mad at her she was confused because she thought that they could share anything (Schmoop). Sula's third issue, of fitting in, was not one that she was too concerned about. Also related to her childhood, Sula had seen that fitting in was not necessarily the â€Å"correct† way to live. Watching her mother as a child, Sula saw that life was completely enjoyable even while living outside what society considered to be acceptable. Sula lived with no regrets and did not care what anyone thought of her. Ten years after leaving home, Sula returned to visit her grandmother ,Eva. During their conversation, Eva brought back memories of Hannah's death , so Sula put her into a nursing home. Even though society looked upon this action as being cruel, Sula did not see it as being so, and did not care that society did (Sparknotes). As flawed as Sula was, she never surrendered to falseness or fell into the trap of conventionality in order to keep up appearances or to be accepted by the community. As Morrison notes of her, â€Å"She was completely free of ambition, with no affection for money, property or things, no greed, no desire to command attention or compliments ? no ego† (Cliffsnotes). The women of the community hated her particularly because she was living criticism of their own dreadful lives of resignation (Cliffsnotes). She refused to settle for the traditional role that most women in her communtiy had, so they felt threatened and saw Sula as a witch (Begnal). being seen as a witch would bother the average person, but because Sula did not care about fitting in, she simply brushed it off. As an adult she showed less emotion than she did as a child because to her, emotions were just a something to occupy time (Sparknotes). Sula's transformation into a woman is a remarkable result of her upbringing. The way she let nothing get to her, and did not change for the next person, can all be explained by understanding her adolescence. She was, in a way, a direct result of her environment. From her loss of childhood and her friendship with Nel, came the woman that she was on the day that she died, unbothered.

buy custom The Juvenile Research Diabetes Foundation International essay

buy custom The Juvenile Research Diabetes Foundation International essay SWOT analysis, is a tool defining Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunity and Threats of an organization. It is a model which assesses an organization in accordance to what it can do, and what it cannot do, including its potential threats and opportunities. This is done by taking information from an environmental analysis and separating it into strengths are weaknesses which are internal, and external issues which incorporate opportunities and threats. Internal strengths and weaknesses Leading The current President and CEO of the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) is Jeffrey Brewer who took over this year. He is a founder of two online businesses namely, Overture Services and CitySearch. He served as a CEO in Overture Services, and as a Chief Technological officer in CitySearch which is now a division of USA Interactive. Mr. Brewer served as an executive chairman of KickStart International from 2003-2011. KickStart International is a non profit organization, which helps poverty stricken people in East Africa. In his first annual conference in May 2011, Mr. Brewer spoke of his plans and his passion for the organization and how his unique background will equip him well for the post. Mr. Brewer was a successful business owner prior to his transition to CEO of JDRF in June of 2010. Mr. Brewer has proven his effectiveness in running businesses and is sure to make a difference with an organization that he is very passionate about. Mr. Brewer became involved with the or ganization when his son was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. For eight years, Mr. Brewer volunteered and was an active member of new researches for the foundation. Mr. Brewer effectively aided in the success of the implementation of artificial pancreas research. He greatly focuses on treatment of type 1 diabetes and he has a patient-focus outlook, being a father to a son with type1 diabetes. The communication that occurs within the organization is very open. The organization communicates largely via the internet and all updates are shared in this manner. Being an international organization, JDRFs communication internally and externally is open to everyone. The organization has continual volunteers, donors, and employees. The turnaround is low. Mr. Brewer is a great motivational speaker and is able to motivate employees into working proudly. He empowers both employees and volunteers and has a great vision for the organization that people agree with. Leadership at JDRF is not only based on the CEO but also the board where the widely known Actress Mary Tyler Moore is the international Chairman. This organization is global which entails having a key person as international chairman. Levels of accountability and performance are very high; several measures are put in place to check on this aspect. They include; independent voting of board member, preparation of financial repor ts by independent accountants, minutes of board meetings documentation, implementation of a conflict of interest policy, record retention and destruction policy implementation, no compensation of any board members, and no loans are received from or provided to related parties. Volunteer complaint and employee procedures are well handled. Complaints regarding to internal controls, accounting, and auditing matters are well taken care of. Controlling The control of the organization is not only on its CEO and board. There are the donors that hold great interest in the organization. This organization offers its financials to the public and below the two previous years from the financial statement of the audit report (2010). Although the assets decreased from 2009 to 2010, the net assets still remained large. There was an increase in the amount of unrestricted assets. The decrease could be accounted for by the economy and the decrease in donations from large donors. Donors help in progress of the research on the continuous glucose monitor. Donors are very important since JDRF is a non-profit organization. These financial reports are prepared by independent individuals. The charitys website has readily accessible information regarding the following; donor privacy policy, a list of board members, audited financial reports, and a list of key staff. Planning The competitive environment for this foundation would be the fight for donors. This organization has faithful donors, but as the economy recedes, the donations do as well. An organization that relies largely on donations will suffer in a down economy. Mr. Brewers vision for the organization is as follows as stated in the May 2011 annual conference: We will remain an organization that is dedicated to curing type 1diabetes as our ultimate goal. But along the way, we will develop transformative treatments that enable people to live healthier, safer lives until we find that cure. We will also focus our efforts on ways to prevent type 1diabetes from happening in the first place. We will be an organization that reaches individuals of all ages who are living with the burden of type 1. We will be an organization that defines success as the point at which advances reach patients. Mr. Brewer mentions in his state of the foundation speech that the organization will not only focus on research and technologies that have already transformed lives but also on those that will in the future (2011). Other goals for JDRF are highlighted below. Expanding and improving surveillance together with evaluatingactivities in order to maximize information related to diabetes. This will be implemented via; partnering with other programs supporting diabetes research, conducting an inventory in regard to diabetes related data, reaching a consensus on a profile regarding critical diabetes indicators, ensuring that a feedback is provided to patients/customers, support electronic health records, and finally exploring best practices. Another goal is to improve coordination and collaboration between the research foundation and its patients. This can be done by: identifying potential disease stakeholders, rekindling any disenfranchised stakeholder relationship, determining optimal methods to communicate with stakeholders, and lastly developing a plan to determine effective communication. Reducing diabetes related health disparities among the minorities, who are young ones is another goal for the J uvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. This will be implanted through the following; making sure that reliable data is available for analysis by determining appropriate sampling strategies across data systems, and building capacity for evaluable projects in order to address diabetes. An additional goal is, to increase linkages with healthy eating and physical activities initiatives in addressing health promotion. This is done to those with diabetes, those with the risk of getting diabetes, and to the general population at large. Various things can be done to implement this: supporting programs that encourage eating habits, which are healthy in schools, encouraging daily physical education in schools for all levels, supporting systematic youth risk surveillance, and exploring alternative sources of funds for evaluating community health. Ensuring that consumers access self management trainings, quality health care and supplies is another goal. This can be achieved through the following : considering proper standards to ensure quality services provision, ensuring patient /consumer centered assessment component, identifying evidence based best practice models in addressing quality of care issues, identifying barriers that hinder access to quality diabetes management by attending transport issues, reimbursement issues and referral process. Increasing awareness of diabetes resources is also a JDRF goal, this will be implemented by: developing a marketing plan, and developing an electronic diabetes resource directory. Another goal is to increasing evidence-based care knowledge to people providing diabetes services through: availability of a range of diabetes education opportunities which could be web-based training and telemedicine in addition to conferences, traditional education offerings etc, researching in best models for utilizing diabetes health educators as well as training them, implementing decision support tools, encouraging certification of diabetes educator s, providing technical assistance in maximizing delivery of education to patients, and making sure that community programs are evaluated appropriately by providing technical assistance. The ultimate long term goal of Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation is to get a cure for diabetes through supporting researches on diabetes. They also want to cure complications brought about by diabetes. Organizing This organizations organizing is not considered to be a weakness although not much research was available in this section. This organization does however, have various committees for the various researches that the organization runs. They all ultimately answer to the CEO and Board of directors. The overall organizational design is very functional with the help of various policies that are put down. There are other strengths and weakness of JDRF as highlighted below: presence of strong and dedicated stakeholders, favorable political climate that is stable, well trained healthcare professionals, abundance of enthusiasm and energy by the workers, a lot of health information technology initiatives for electronic health records and exchange of information, availability of national practice standards, numerous care management resources and diabetes related health education to consumers and providers which includes web-based resources, initiatives for workforce training involving diabetes care, health communication initiatives that increase importance and awareness of diabetes care/control, numerous healthcare entities that focus on caring for people who are uninsured, and resource availability for assisting with medications on diabetes and durable medical equipment are additional strengths in juvenile diabetes research foundation. JDRF has clinical trial connections for type 1 diabet es which offers online clinical trial which are customized. It has an opt in portal that helps people in finding information and registering about type 1 diabetes. These services offer monthly emails that provide up to date information new launched trials, and information on how to contact researchers who are conducting the trials. This can be considered as strength. An additional strength is, the IDDP (industry discovery development partnership) program launched by JDRF establishes partnership and provides funding to pharmaceutical biotechnology companies in accelerating the development, discovery, commercializing therapeutics and devices for cure and treatment of type 1diabetes. A new social network called Juvenation for people with type 1 diabetes was launched. It has features like, blogs, message boards, educational resources on how to live with type 1diabetes, and a video library. This can also be categorized as one of strength to JDRF. Presence of an online diabetes support te am that answers questions one on one. The support team is contacted by online questionnaires on JDRF website where it takes a maximum of 48 hour for a user to be contacted. Through this support team volunteers mayy answer inquiries on type 1 diabetes but medical advice cannot be dispensed by them, provision of outreach resources to patients in form of a mail order information kits, and interactive online toolkits is are additional strengths. By organizing two main fundraising events (The Ride to Cure Diabetes and The Walk to Cure Diabetes) which are open to the public, helps in raising money aside from the donors contribution and organization of campaigns to increase federal funding for diabetes research is are additional strengths portrayed by JDRF. One such campaign is the children congress where the Mary Tyler the international Chairman and children with type 1 diabetes over a hundred of them, gather at Washington D.C in order to meet with the congress members Various weaknesses are highlighted below: competition for limited funds among stakeholders, lack of timely data collection, reporting, analysis and dissemination of data, lack of systematic quality care programs which varies across providers, underutilization of existing technological resources and diabetes data resources, few certified diabetes educators, few diabetes care providers who are specialized, duplication of services, transport barriers/problems in accessing diabetes care, insufficient referral process which limit access to special diabetes care, lack of awareness of resources in assisting diabetes pharmaceuticals and supplies, and need for increase in capacity for cultural competence in diabetes healthcare. External Opportunities and Threats This provides an opportunity to co-ordinate resources and addressing gaps in services. Bargaining power of suppliers: This organizations primary product is research for the ultimate goal of curing type 1 diabetes. There have been some technologies that the organizations research has led to but the organization does profit off of the sales of these technologies. Risk of entry by potential competitors: JDRF is the largest diabetes research organization and has little competition. Even though the name of the organization indicates it is for juveniles benefits, all people with the disease benefit from the findings. Bargaining power of buyers: Buyers are willing to pay whatever the organization asks for these new technologies. There arent many things out to aid in the cure or to better the lives of people with this disease. At this moment, there buyers will pay what is needed for relief of the terrible disease. Threat of substitutes: At this moment there arent any threats of substitutes as the technologies are fairly new. However, the new technologies are purchased to sell to patients, hospitals, etc. There may be threat in the future, but all technologies are patented. Global forces: This organization is all over the world and has raised awareness, money, and research findings. This organization will do well as until the day the cure for type 1diabetes is found. Cultural burrier in terms of health promotions is a threat due the attitude focused on food and drinks by different cultures. Another threat is stakeholder who are fractured and funding which could be focused on other issues, which are competitive. On opportunities, JDRF can explore on alternative funding sources other than from the donors. They can also link with prevention programs, which support policy, system change, and environmental change for physical activity and healthy eating. The number of certified diabetes educators could be increased. Seeking technical assistance on retention and recruitment in addressing diabetes workforce is also another opportunity. Identifying and disseminating resources for linguistic competence and cultural in diabetes control and prevention can be considered as an opportunity. Development of an electronic database where all health professionals and consumers can update themselves on diabetes resources is a good opportunity. Evaluating the SWOT Analysis All together this organization is a very organized foundation that has been able to be a part of astounding research. This foundation not only receives donation but also contributes through donations to new research and technologies that will aid in the race for the cure of Type 1 diabetes. This foundation has much strength and few weaknesses. The future of the organization relies on there not being a cure for this disease although the goal of the organization is to find a cure. There isnt much said as to what the foundation will do when a cure is found. Further analyzing is required for this. The foundation relies largely on donors which decline with the economy. The foundation sells products advertising awareness and receives revenues through that as well. We find that this is a big organization but its net assets arent large. The foundation is global as the disease is a global epidemic. There are regional chapters of the foundation which raise funds by organizing big fundraisers. This foundation was founded for the children that suffered from the disease but all who have the disease benefit from all the research and technology that has come out of this foundations goals. In an interview by DiaTribe (2011) Mr. Brewer said, The second big change at JDRF is moving away from an exclusive focus on children and also embracing the adult type 1 diabetes audience. At the end of the day, at least 85% of the people living with diabetes are adults, not children... By focusing on children as well as adults the foundation will have a greater population of donors and volunteers. This is looking into the future of the foundation. Any increase for the foundation is a change that is acceptable. Buy custom The Juvenile Research Diabetes Foundation International essay

How to Find the Gemini Constellation

How to Find the Gemini Constellation The Gemini constellation is one of the most ancient known star patterns. People have been observing it since earliest human history, and it was first charted by the Greek-Egyptian astronomer Claudius Ptolemy as part of his sky mapping activities. The name Gemini is the Latin word meaning twins, and most star-chart makers depict the stars in this constellation as a pair of twin boys.   Finding Gemini Constellation Look for Gemini in the sky near the constellations Orion (which has some fascinating sights of its own) and Taurus. For northern hemisphere viewers, its a winter star pattern and its two brightest stars, Castor and Pollux, are part of an unofficial asterism called the Winter Hexagon. That pattern contains six bright stars from the constellations Gemini, Orion, Canis Major, Canis Minor, and Taurus. Gemini looks like two long strings of stars extending down from Castor and Pollux, which are the heads of the twins. The easiest way to find it is to look for Castor and Pollux east of the vee-shaped Hyades cluster, which makes up the face of Taurus the Bull. The best views of this star pattern are available when it is straight overhead early in the new year. It remains visible until late spring, when it disappears into the sunset glow.   The Winter Hexagon is made up of the brightest stars from the constellations Orion, Gemini, Auriga, Taurus, Canis Major and Canis Minor. Carolyn Collins Petersen The Story of Gemini The mythology of the ancient Greeks and the Babylonians concerned a pair of twins in the sky.  For the Babylonians, these boys were in the realm of the gods, and they called them Meshlamtea and Lugalirra. They were related to a more important god, named Nergal, who presided over the Underworld and was thought to bring about all kinds of misfortune, disease, and other ills. The Greeks and Romans called these stars after the twin sons of Zeus and the maiden Leda. The Chinese saw a bird and a tiger in these stars. The modern constellation of the twins was set by Ptolemy and formalized by later stargazers. The formal area of the sky that contains the twins was set by the International Astronomical Union and contains other stars beyond the main ones, plus nearby deep-sky objects.   The Stars of Constellation Gemini Gemini constellation is dominated by the bright stars Castor and Pollux. These are also known as ÃŽ ± (alpha) Geminorum (Castor) and ÃŽ ² (beta) Geminorum (Pollux). Castor may look like only one star, but in reality, it contains six stars in orbit with each other. It  lies some 52 light-years from Earth. Twin brother Pollux is an orange giant star that lies about 34 light-years away from the Sun. Pollux also has at least one planet in orbit around it.   The official chart showing the stars of the constellation Gemini, provided by the IAU. IAU/Sky Telescope.com   Stargazers who want to explore other stars in Gemini might find ÃŽ µ (epsilon) Geminorum, which is interesting since its a binary star that can be seen through telescopes. One member of the pair is also a Cepheid variable star that brightens and dims with a period of about 10 days.   Deep-Sky Objects in Gemini Constellation Gemini isnt enriched with a lot of deep-sky objects. This is because its situated away from the plane of the Milky Way, where most of the clusters and nebulae exist. However, there are a few things that observers can search out in the constellation. The first is a star cluster called M35.  Its what astronomers call an open cluster. That means that its stars are fairly scattered through space but are still traveling together. There are about 200 stars in M35, and this cluster can be seen with the naked eye from dark-sky sights. Its also a lovely sight through binoculars or a telescope. Look for it near Castors foot.   The open star cluster M35 (lower right) in the constellation Gemini. 2MASS/NASA.   Skygazers up for a challenge can also search out two dim planetary nebulae in Gemini. These are clouds of gas that have formed around dying sun-like stars. The first is the Eskimo Nebula (also known as NGC 2392).  It has been imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope and is about 4,000 light-years from Earth.  Search it out by looking just to the left of Polluxs waist (marked 2392 on the chart). The other object is called the Medusa Nebula, and its a real challenge to see.  Search for it along the border with Canis Minor, below Polluxs knee. The Eskimo Nebula in Gemini, as seen by Hubble Space Telescope. NASA/ESA/STScI   Finally, meteor shower fans spend each December 13-14 observing the Geminid Meteor shower. Its a shower created by a stream of material left behind by the asteroid 3200 Phaethon as it orbits the Sun. The meteors are not actually from Gemini, but they appear to radiate from the constellation. In a good year, observers can spot upwards of 100 or so meteors per hour from this shower.   Gemini in Modern Culture As a starry constellation, Gemini has appeared in both space science and astronomy, as well as science fiction. NASAs Gemini missions were named for this star pattern because they each carried two astronauts to space. The Gemini Observatory has two domes, one in Hawaii and one in Chile, both inspired by the starry twins. Finally, science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein named two of his teenaged characters after the two bright stars Castor and Pollux.

Marketing and Sales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Marketing and Sales - Essay Example These three concepts form the backbone of many successful marketing strategies. But, the fourth P-Place is often overlooked by most of the marketing experts and business men. Every product should actually be produced, priced and promoted according to the place it is distributed. The company should decide whether to implement large-scale distribution in the area or selective distribution, based on the economic, social and cultural influences of the place chosen. A company can choose to distribute a product in a place intestivley, selectively or exclusively. The pricing and promotional budget should be determined based on which type of distribution is selected for a particular place. The marketing concept changed phase from "make-and-sell" to "sense-and-respond" way back in the past century (Kotler, 2008). Only companies producing exclusive products catering to the needs of people living in certain places thrive. They distribute the products only where there is ample need. For example, consider the ‘Voltas all weather AC’ designed and marketed for people living in deserts exclusively. The AC keeps the room cool during the scorching mid-days and heats the rooms automatically during the biting cold nights. They are much affordable than the room heaters used in the western countries and is portable. They can be used even in tents. The product was a great hit and it surpassed several competitors in sales revenues this summer. Integration of Place and Pricing Place is directly connected with pricing. Consider Marks and Spencer an Tesco departmental stores. M &S aims in selling branded, high cost products in all its stores no matter where it is placed. Tesco sells small packets of local products at an affordable cost in rural areas. It sells branded and costly products in its urban stores . This simple place related pricing helped the company to grow enormously in a short period of time, challenging the decades old M&S in profits. "Differentiation stems fr om uniquely creating buyer value" (Porter, 1985, p 150). Tesco did just that. They created a difference by understanding the buyer value pertaining to the place. Relationship of Place with Pr